In some instances, there may be an underlying and treatable cause, such as depression, stress, anxiety, reflux, bladder problems or pain. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants (for depression), anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs), medications for heartburn, incontinence or pain and/or hypnotic medications to improve sleep.
2. Sleep Apnoea
Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder more common in men, but it increases in women after age 50. The increase in abdominal fat during menopause may be one reason menopausal women are 3.5 times as likely to get this sleep disorder. Some attribute the prevalence to hormonal changes such as the decrease in progesterone. Studies have also found that sleep apnoea is associated with increased blood pressure, a risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. If any of these symptoms appear, consult your doctor.
3. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD)
RLS is a neurological movement disorder. Because the unpleasant feelings occur at rest and are relieved by movement, RLS sufferers have difficulty sleeping. Due to difficulties sleeping, RLS can lead to daytime sleepiness, mood swings, anxiety and depression. One study found that 42% of those with RLS said it affected their personal relationships.
Although the exact cause of RLS is unclear, recent research indicates that iron or folate deficiency may be a risk factor. Treatment may include iron or vitamin supplements, lifestyle changes and medications. About 80% of those with RLS also have PLMD or involuntary leg twitching or jerking movements during sleep that can occur every 20-30 seconds. These symptoms can bother bed partners, but are treatable.
4. Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects approximately one in 2000 people. Symptoms frequently appear in teen years. In addition to excessive daytime sleepiness, people with narcolepsy have sudden over-whelming urges to sleep, suddenly lose muscle tone or strength (cataplexy) and may experience disturbed night-time sleep. Pregnant women or those considering pregnancy, should discuss medications with their doctor. Recent scientific break-throughs on the cause of this condition and new treatments give doctors more ways to help manage its symptoms.
